In many kinds of English sentence, you will find the word "it" or the word "there" in the subject position. These are usually "impersonal" sentences -- sentences where there is no natural subject.
IMPERSONAL "IT"
Functions of impersonal "IT"
A. Talking about weather
It's raining this morning. There was heavy rain.
It was sunny yesterday.
B. Identifying something
"Who is it?"
"It's me."
C. Talking about time
"What time is it?"
"It's five o'clock."
D. Talking about distance
IMPERSONAL "IT"
Functions of impersonal "IT"
A. Talking about weather
It's raining this morning. There was heavy rain.
It was sunny yesterday.
B. Identifying something
"Who is it?"
"It's me."
C. Talking about time
"What time is it?"
"It's five o'clock."
D. Talking about distance
“How far is it to Toronto?”
“It’s 4000 kilometers.”
“It’s 4000 kilometers.”
Another example:
- It was impossible now to conceive of a great power that was not a great economy.
- Thus it was easy for the leaders to dominate the organization.
- It was the arrival of Lenin, which changed everything in Russia.
- It was also difficult politically, when the new parties refused to cooperate with the old governments.
- It would seem clear that the traditional lecture/tutorial methods would not be able to cope easily with the demand unless there was a large increase in numbers of academic staff
Impersonal “there”
Impersonal “there” is used to say that something exists in a particular place:
A. Singular
There is a book on the table.
B. Plural
There are three men in the car.
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